空中英語教室 2021 AUGUST Theme: ENVIRONMENT
摩天木樓 PLVSCRAPERS
未來建築新趨勢 Skyscrapers made of wood
關鍵詞 characterize, plywood, respectively, drastically, laminate, emission
| Talk About It
>>Do you think plyscrapers will eventually replace buildings made of other materials? >>Why or why not? |
①先看中文導讀 世界很多大城市都是以玻璃及金屬建構而成的高聳建築為特徵。
不過很快地,可能會再加上另外-種建築材料:木材。
近來營造業的一項創新技術便與層壓膠合木板有關;
該技術執行過程會使用工業木壓機將木板壓合在一起,
利用壓力和蒸汽讓木板完全膠合。
最後得到的結果稱為直交集成板:一種極厚的合板,不僅強韌、耐久，而且防火。
人們透過直交集成板，便能建造出比以前更為大的木構建築。
這種英文名稱由plywood以及skyscraper結合而成的
「摩天木樓」建築物在世界各地已如雨後春筍般紛紛湧現。
加拿大溫哥華便已建有一棟19層樓高的摩天木樓;
此外，奧地利維也納及美國密爾瓦基也各自擁有一棟24層樓與25層樓的摩天木樓。
有幾棟摩天木樓的高度達60公尺,
而一項於挪威建的木樓建案標的,更高達85公尺,成為全世界規模最大的木造高樓。
摩天木樓可望將對環境注入非常大的益處。
捨棄傳統建材而改採木材之舉, 將能大幅減少碳排放。
而當摩天木樓像所有建築物一樣不免面臨毀壞之際時,
其木頭製材還可以進行回收或是自然分解,最終將留下極少量的汙染。
②逐句閱讀英文 PLVSCRAPERS Skyscrapers made of wood
Many big cities around the world are characterized by towering structures made of glass and metal. But soon another building material may be added to the list : wood. A recent innovation in the construction industry involves laminating wooden boards. The boards are then pressed together using industrial wood presses, which use pressure and steam to connect the boards. The result is called cross-laminated timber (CLT), an extremely thick plywood that is strong, durable and fire-resistant. With CLY, people can build larger wooden structures than before. These structures, called plyscrapers (a word formed by combining "plywood" and "skyscraper") are popping up all over the world.
Already Vancouver, Canada, has a 19-story plyscraper, 20 and Vienna, Austria, and Milwaukee, USA, have 24-story and 25-story plyscrapers, respectively. Several plyscrapers top 60 meters, and one project in Norway is 85 meters high, making it the largest wooden tower in the world. Plyscrapers have the potential to be very good for the environment. The use of wood rather than traditional construction materials can drastically cut down on carbon emissions.
When plyscrapers break down (as all buildings do), their materials can be recycled or broken down naturally, leaving little pollution behind.
第一段 Many big cities around the world are characterized by towering structures made of glass and metal. But soon another building material may be added to the list : wood. A recent innovation in the construction industry involves laminating wooden boards. The boards are then pressed together using industrial wood presses, which use pressure and steam to connect the boards. The result is called cross-laminated timber (CLT), an extremely thick plywood that is strong, durable and fire-resistant. With CLY, people can build larger wooden structures than before. These structures, called plyscrapers (a word formed by combining "plywood" and "skyscraper") are popping up all over the world.
● characterize (v) 特徵
· Colors and shapes characterize Monet's paintings.
· Most students characterize Mr. Bowman as interesting and kind-hearted, which is why they want to take his class. (as interesting and kind-hearted 既風趣又溫馨)
· This seaside town is characterized by grey-colored buildings and so much fog you can hardly see anything. (fog濃霧)
· His writing is characterized by long, descriptive sentences.
● to laminate (v) 層壓膠合, 層壓壓疊,用薄板覆蓋
The manufacturer laminates the wood he builds furniture with to make it stronger.
● laminated 層壓的/ laminate 過去分詞當形容詞用
· Many companies now sell laminated furniture for a lot less than furniture made of solid wood.
● laminate (n)層壓板,層壓的材料
· Maureen put a woodgrain laminate on her kitchen counter to cover up the ugly green color it had been.
● portmanteau (n)混合詞 複數portmanteaus
· brnch = breakfast + lunch
· spork = spoon + fork
· edutainment = education + entertainment
· smog = smoke + fog
· pokemon = pocket + monsters
| ① be made of 被…製成 | ② be made from 由…製成 |
| 製作過程中原料本質不變，為物理變化 (例如：改變形狀)。 |
製作過程中完全改變原料本質，為化學變化 (例如：發酵)。 |
| · The table is made of wood. 這張桌子是木製的。 |
· Bread is made from flour. |
| ③be made into 被製成、變成 | ④be made up of 由…組成 |
| 原料經加工後做成成品。 | 組成成分 |
| · Peanuts can be made into oil. 花生可以被製成油。 |
·My class is made up of thirty students. |
● The sky is the limit. Limit, 限制。 The sky's the limit. 天空是你的極限。意思就是說，沒有限制，一切都是可能的。
· Anything is possible.
· "Anything is possible because The sky's the limit."
● plywood (n) 夾板,合板
· Benjamin made a dresser for himself out of plywood. (dresser 梳妝台)
第二段 Already Vancouver, Canada, has a 19-story plyscraper, 20 and Vienna, Austria, and Milwaukee, USA, have 24-story and 25-story plyscrapers, respectively. Several plyscrapers top 60 meters, and one project in Norway is 85 meters high, making it the largest wooden tower in the world. Plyscrapers have the potential to be very good for the environment. The use of wood rather than traditional construction materials can drastically cut down on carbon emissions碳排放. When plyscrapers break down (as all buildings do), their materials can be recycled or broken down naturally, leaving little pollution behind.
● drastically (adv) 劇烈地;大大地
· My article changed drastically between the first draft and the final draft.
· Our company had to drastically cut its budget last year.
· Walking down the street, Amy and Carter looked drastically different because she was in a coat and hat while he was in a light jacket and shorts.
● drastic (a) 相當大的
· Our company made drastic cuts in its budget last year. 我們公司去年大幅度的削減了預算。
● break down (phr) ①毀壊,故障
· After the tower broke down, the construction company recycled the materials and built a gymnasium.
· Nate's car broke down, so he had to have it fixed at the nearest car garage.
● break down (phr) ②崩潰,情緒失控
· Sofia broke down and cried when she found out that her best friend was moving to another city.
● respectively (adv) 各自・分別
· Katie and her sister Emily are 16 and 14, respectively.
● traditional materials 傳統材料 = steel and concrete 鋼材和混凝土
● carbon emissions 碳排放量
● emission (n) 排放・發● cut down (on something) 減少,削減
關於文法中的名詞的用法-本句為“非限定同位語”
The result is called cross-laminated timber (CLT),
an extremely thick plywood that is strong, durable and fire-resistant.
同位語 (appositive) 是指緊接在先行詞之後的名詞、名詞片語或名詞子句，以作為補充說明之用。
同位語是英文寫作技巧之一，使句子達到言簡意賅簡潔有力的效果。
同位語分為非限定性同位語 (non-restrictive appositive) 和限定性同位語 (restrictive appositive)，
前者係表示同位語為額外補充資訊，若將其拿掉亦不影響句意，所以其前後通常使用逗點、括弧或破折號來與句子其他部分隔開，
而後者係表示同位語為必要資訊，若將其從句子中移除，將會使其所限定的先行詞的意思變得曖昧不明，所以其前不能有標點符號。
【There is a technological innovation that involves creating extremely thick and strong plywood boards, which are now being used to build large buildings called plyscrapers. These plyscrapers are environmentally friendly and not too expensive.】
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