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空中英語教室 2021 SEPTEMBER. Lesson 13: ENVIRONMENT： 解決問題 公民意識 
WATER CRISIS! 水危機!
Clean water and basic sanitation can save millions 乾淨用水及基礎衛生設施才是解決危機之道
關鍵詞 adequate足够的, perpetuates, sanitation衛生, liter公升, sheer純粹的, deter阻止, scavenge搜尋
加強實用句型

The lack of adequate access to clean water perpetuates poverty and preventable illness for millions of families around the world. But there's good news: This problem is solvable!

缺乏足夠乾淨用水,導致世界各地數百萬家庭長期陷入貧困以及可預防的疾病:不過,還是有好消息:這個問題是可以解決的!

◎WATER CRISIS! ◎水危機!
◎Clean water and basic sanitation can save millions
◎乾淨用水及基礎衛生設施才是解決危機之道
● sanitation   (n) 衛生設施
· I think we should respect sanitation workers because they have a hard and important job!
● sanitary (a) 衛生的
● sanitize (v) 消毒

◎ Imagine a different life for yourself by answering the following questions:
◎ 透過回答下列問題,試著想像一個不一樣的生活:

◎ 1. How much water does your family need each day?
◎ 你家每天需要用多少水?

◎ 2. How much water could you carry at one time? How far? (One liter weighs one kilogram.)
◎ 你一次可以提多少水?能提多遠?(一升重一公斤)
● liter    (n)  公升
· Experts say we need to drink an average of 2.7-3.7 liters of water per day.

◎ 3. Could you carry 20 liters from a public water tap to your home? (a 30-minute walk)
◎ 你能否從公共供水處提二十公升水回家?(步行需三十分鐘)
● water tap 是水龍頭也指供水處, water tap and sink 水龍頭和水槽

◎ 4. How much time would you need to spend collecting water? (Every 20 liters requires a 1-hour round trip.)
◎ 你需要花多少時間取水?(每二十公升需往返一小時)
●  round trip 往返,來回

◎ 5. What daily activities would you have to give up to fetch water?
◎ 為了取水,你得放棄哪些日常活動?
● fetch＝to fetch sth for sb; to fetch sb sth 去給某人拿某物·
· Fetch me a glass of water. 給我拿杯水。

◎ Reality for millions of families is even harsher than the one you probably just imagined.
◎ 數以百萬計家庭的實際狀況,比你剛才所能想像的還要。

◎ The water tap might be farther away than 30 minutes or across mountainous terrain.
◎ 公共供水處所在的距離可能超過三十分鐘.或是需要翻山越嶺:
● far的比較級 farther ,最高級farthest

◎ There might not be any well at all, so you have to scavenge.
◎ 也可能根本沒有任何水井,因此必須到處找水。
● scavenge  (v) 搜尋;覓食

◎ Additionally, the water you use might be unsafe and cause illness or death.
◎ 再者,你用的水還可能不安全,繼而導致疾病或死亡。
● Additionally
· You can pay bills over the Internet. Additionally, you can check your balance or order statements.
你可以通過互聯網支付賬單。 此外，你可以查詢餘額或訂單明細。

● cause illness or death 導致疾病或死亡

◎ Lacking access to clean water perpetuates poverty.
◎ 缺乏乾淨用水使貧困的問題持續久存。
● perpetuates

◎ The sheer amount of time that people spend fetching water or falling ill to preventable diseases deters education and the economy.
◎ 人們純粹花在取水或罹患可預防疾病上的時間,便足以導致教育暨經濟發展受阻。
● sheer     (a)純粹的:完全的
· The quality of her work is excellent, but the sheer amount she produces is amazing!
● fall ill           (phr) 生病
● deter       (v)阻止
· We hired a security guard with a big, mean dog to deter  thieves.

◎ Children can't go to school, and parents can't earn as much income.
◎ 孩童不能上學,父母也無法賺到多少錢。

◎ Couple that with a lack of sanitation and the problem intensifies.
◎ 一切再加上缺乏衛生設施,問題就更嚴重了。

Usage Tip

The sheer amount of time that people spend fetching water or falling ill to preventable diseases deters education and the economy.  
此處為關係代名詞 that 所引導的形容詞子句, 用來修飾前置詞 amount of time之用法。一般來說關代為主格時不能省略, 若為受格則可以省略。以本句為例,形容詞子句中已有主詞 people、動詞 spend，則可知 that 代替的是名詞 time ，作為子句中動詞 spend的受詞，因此這裡關代 that 其實可以省略。
 
Key Points Complete the sentences below.
>> The water _____ affects millions and of _____ people around the world.
 This huge problem is _____ if we choose to respond appropriately and act with _____.

Talk About It
What did it feel like to imagine your life without adequate access to clean water?
● adequate (a.形容詞)    足够的
· We had adequate food for a week's journey. 我们有足够的食物可以做一星期的旅行。